Malware refers to malicious software designed to disrupt systems, steal information, or gain unauthorized access. Malware can take many forms, including viruses, worms, trojans, spyware, and ransomware.

Ransomware is one of the most damaging forms of malware. It encrypts or locks data and demands payment for its release. Organizations affected by ransomware may experience operational shutdowns and significant financial loss.

The most effective defense against ransomware is preparation. Regular, tested backups allow organizations to restore systems without paying attackers. Patch management, endpoint protection, and user awareness training further reduce risk.